第三百八十九章 数学解漕弊

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    但阮元却也清楚,漕务诸弊,绝非一时所能尽除,这日与焦循说起帮费一事,阮元却也叹道:“里堂,其实眼下帮费之弊,根本还是在于用度不足,吏员和盘粮厅缺钱,就会找漕帮索取帮费,漕帮多交了帮费,又只能克扣水手津贴,水手入不敷出,盗粮之举便也多见,盗粮一多,自然又要多上许多加耗,这样前后说来,却也是苦了交粮百姓啊。可是没有这笔帮费,盘粮厅那边又果然官吏皆困,办不成事,如此观之,想要更革漕弊,便是我也没有根治之法啊。”
    “伯元,你毕竟来漕运这里才两个月,这漕务之事,少说已经有十几年困顿不已了,又怎是你一下子就能解决的呢?照我说,倒不如先寻个治标之法,将漕务稳住,至少缓解一部分弊政,到了明年,再作长策也不迟啊。”焦循也劝慰阮元道。
    “如今我倒是想了个办法。”阮元看着焦循,却也自觉轻松了许多,便对他说道:“漕帮帮费,一时不能尽除,可若是任由下吏规索帮费,那他们所收要超出常度数倍,却也不能容他们这般放肆。依我之见,这一个月,咱们先把盘粮厅、水关那边常度开支,吏员每年用度都算出来,以其需求为准,明年一并收取帮费。这样确实无法根治漕弊,可下一年收的帮费,一定会大幅削减,那么漕帮之困亦可缓解,加耗之事,想来也要少上许多了。”
    “伯元,这倒是个好办法啊。”焦循也点头道:“就像你查粮时所见,水手津贴不足是真,可他们为了所谓生计,所盗卖的粮食,竟然是他们正常津贴的两倍!这哪里还是生计不足?这已经是公器私用了啊?咱们虽然宽仁待下,却也不能滥行仁恕,若是你这个办法能试一试,我想至少漕帮陋规,能被裁掉一半,到时候,咱们严查水手偷盗、征粮加耗,便也有底气了。”
    “嗯,我也知道,这样办事,多半下面会有议论,为了示下吏以公正,我也要做个表率才是。明年我决定,漕院用银,都从养廉里出,其余送礼之事,一概回绝!只有我们从头断了贪纵之欲,下面的人才会信服啊?”阮元也补充道。
    “是啊,若是帮费这里能给漕帮一个交代,咱们便也可以腾出手来,严查窃盗之弊了。”焦循一边对阮元之策表示赞同,一边也看着自己手中的一份账簿,叹道:“不过伯元,这里吏员算账的工夫,我看连你我都不如呢,你看这里记的漕粮之数,这才取了三个数,做了两次乘法,竟然就有这么多数字错了。这计算之时都如此糊涂,可要他们怎么清点漕粮实数啊?”
    “是吗?或许本来也是……我也来看看。”阮元自然清楚珠算之内弊病所在,只得一边苦笑,一边取过了账册,看了几页,便即清楚,对焦循道:“里堂啊,他们的算法我知道,一般称为……三乘四因法,其实只是将漕船有粮之处测个长度、宽度、高度出来,前后相乘,便即登记,而且相乘之时,均用珠算,数字一多,就会有记错账的情况。更有甚者,若是漕帮和书吏窜通窃米,珠算之数不能保存,他们随时可以更改数字,蒙骗上司,用的尺子也是五花八门……若不是你我这般精于数算之人,这些细节很真不易发觉呢。里堂,你说,咱们在浙江的时候,就用过依斗定尺之法,若是漕运之中,咱们也做一种漕尺出来,只需长宽高三处相同,便是一石之数,这样登记漕粮,不就比以前更快,也更准了吗?”
    “这样啊……”焦循也在一旁默默盘算着,想着虽然漕船与粮仓颇有不同之处,但算出一石米所占用的空间,似乎也不算难,便道:“伯元,这个办法我看可行,只是漕船终究有狭小之处,若是只用长尺,却也有所不便,依我之意,这长尺之外,咱们再设一种五寸短尺,长短交替使用,丈量起来就更方便了。”
    “里堂所言甚是,我这就去做准备,定下尺度之后,便造大小二尺,用以丈量。”阮元也对焦循大喜道:“至于这珠算之弊,我却也有了办法,《数度衍》一书,里堂你也看过吧,其中有一法为‘铺地锦’只要将需要相乘之数在上下方格之外标明,居中斜线分割,将相乘之数填入分割后的格子之内,便可得出实数。若能用此法测算粮米,我看至少能比现在快上一倍,而且数字准确,他们想要再以珠算之法作伪,是不可能了。哈哈,这西洋算学咱们学了这么多,学以致用,可不能忘了啊?”《数度衍》是清初数学家方中通介绍中西数学的一部算书,囊括了绝大部分当时传入中国的西方数学知识,所谓“铺地锦”即今日所言“格子乘法”,是一种简便的计算数字乘积之术。
    “伯元此法甚是,这铺地锦之法我自然也学过,只是以前却从未想过,可以将它用在漕运之上啊?”焦循也对阮元笑道:“伯元果然是精于世务,又通学术,看起来这漕运之上,要有一番新气象了。那咱们事不宜迟,就先把漕尺和这算法都定下来吧!”二人已是一拍即合,那么剩下需要做的,也就是具体的测算定制了。
    这年十二
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