第四百二十二章 新几内亚岛(一)
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爱;泥人妇女几乎没有十指齐全的。
两千三百多年后,阿萨罗泥人部落成为了巴布亚新几内亚的文化瑰宝之一,持续吸引着人们的注意。他们的头盔和泥巴涂抹的传统仪式成为世界文化遗产的一部分。无论是对于当地人还是对于远道而来的游客,这个部落都是一个引人入胜的旅行目的地,为他们带来了独特而难忘的体验。
在他们的理想和亲情纽带中存在一种纯净的美丽,他们信仰神灵、自然和自己的意志。每一种文化和习俗都值得我们尊重,希望世界更加多元和包容。
公元前3500年,南岛语族人从中国南方沿海出发,不再满足于台湾岛的生活,开始了人类历史上最大规模的人口流动。他们历时3000多年,足迹遍布菲律宾、印尼、马来半岛和太平洋诸岛,向西延伸至非洲东南端的马达加斯加岛,向东直至新西兰、夏威夷和复活节岛。这就是着名的南岛语族大迁徙。
他们带着当地驯化的农作物和家畜,驾驶着“螃蟹独木舟”,横穿大洋,征服了所有可以居住的岛屿,成为了太平洋的主人。原本散落各岛的史前土着,要么被征服或同化,要么被感染或屠杀,几乎消失殆尽。唯独存活下来的两个土着群体,一个是菲律宾的尼格利陀人,另一个就是巴布亚新几内亚的高地土着。
与其他族群相比,新几内亚高地土着的生存能力极为顽强!公元前1600年南岛语族人挺进新几内亚岛时,巴新高地土着已经独立驯化了芋头、山药、香蕉,对各种热带疾病已经免疫,并且垄断了黑曜石贸易。南岛语族人对此束手无策,只能勉强徘徊在沿海地区,随后放弃了征服的想法,转而探索大洋深处。
巴布亚人原始的微弱火种总算得以保存,高地土着们迅速吸收了南岛人带来的猪、鸡和狗,跨越了动物驯养的难关,按照最传统的方式坚持过着半采集狩猎、半农耕定居的生活,当然还有原始的食人传统。这样的生活又再延续了3500年。即便1511年葡萄牙人发现新几内亚岛,随后400年时间里,荷兰人、英国人、德国人接踵而至,也未能完成对高地土着的“文明改造”。从公元前8000年他们开始定居在这里开始,高地土着们独立发展了年。他们黝黑宽大的脸庞和卷曲浓密的毛发,几乎未被外族血统改变,语言也自成体系,成为人类学家、社会学家、语言学家、历史学家的重点关照对象。
直到1973年,巴布亚新几内亚从澳大利亚独立,高地人的生活开始改变。政府明令禁止食人行为,不少高地人也放弃了原始的生活方式,像现代人一样,不再打鱼捕猎。不过,还有一小群土着仍在坚守,高地危险的环境、肆虐的热带病和恐怖的传说,是他们最后的保护屏障。他们在新几内亚的高地上,躲过了一轮又一轮的文明扩张,成为了人类历史的活化石。
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