第三百四十四章 四处出击
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这个时期西域主要有三种人——塞人、吐火罗人、羌人。吐火罗人主要包括包括月氏人、楼兰人、焉耆人、龟兹人、精绝人。塞种人主要包括疏勒人、于阗人、且末人、乌孙人、戎卢人。羌人包括蒲犁、西夜、子合、乌秅人、无雷人。其中,于阗人和戎卢人有点塞羌混血,渠勒国人和扜弥人则无法判断。</P>
接下来卡珊卓斯再次分兵,让拉古斯率领500马萨格泰骑兵、3000皮盾枪兵、2000巴斯塔奈人、2000弓箭手向西南挺近,准备征服蒲犁国、乌秅国和无雷国。</P>
乌秅国在叶尔羌河上游和喀喇昆仑山之间,境内多山,饮水大部来自雪山,地势极其险峻,很多地方溪谷不通,以绳索相引而渡。四百九十户,人口三千七百三十三,兵力七百多人。北与子合、蒲犁、西与难兜接。”</P>
依耐国位于后世新疆塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县,都城是卢城,户数125,人口670,有350名战士。民俗与相邻的子合国一样,当地的羌族过着草原游牧部落生活。</P>
无雷国属氐羌属的最西支,王治无雷城,有一千余户,人口七千,兵马两千人。东南至蒲犁五百四十里,南与乌秅、北与捐毒相接,风俗与子合国相同。</P>
蒲犁国,王治蒲犁谷,户六百五十,口五千,兵二千人,东至莎车五百四十里,北至疏勒五百五十里,与西夜、子合接,西至无雷五百四十里。</P>
蒲犁国虽归于氐羌系,为游牧民族,但其先族却是华夏族番禺氏族部落,其祖先是帝舜。番禺的后裔族以“番禺”为号,又形成许多支裔族。其中的一支又和京人居导,迁于蒲,又称蒲人。蒲人在漫长的发展、迁徙历史中又结合了戎族,又称蒲戎。蒲戎的一支于战国时期迁入至新疆东部,再迁入葱岭东麓而立国。</P>
蒲犁以东、莎车东南是皮山城,有3500人,500余户,养兵500人。与疏勒、莎车一样,国王之下设左右将、左右都尉、骑君、译长等职官。西南至乌秅国一千三百四十里,北至姑墨千四百五十里,西南当罽宾,西北通莎车三百八十里。从此向西南过桑株达坂即可抵达后世的喀喇昆仑山口,过山即克什米尔,亦为丝绸之路、乌弋山离和印度的一条支线。东汉时皮山国尚存,至唐时其国并入于阗。</P>
皮山国早就派了使者携礼物前往几十里外正在行军的卡珊卓斯大军处表示了归附的意思,卡珊卓斯很高兴,派了100多人带着回礼前往皮山,大军直接向于阗而去。</P>
于阗国是古代西域佛教王国,印度人称之为屈丹,玄奘音译为瞿萨旦那,意译作地乳,西藏人则称离余国。中国唐代安西都护府安西四镇之一,是世界上为数不多的几个存在了一千多年的国家。君主国姓为尉迟,因仰慕唐朝,有两位君主改姓李,他们分别是尉迟僧乌波、尉迟苏拉,国祚长达1238年。</P>
亲历于阗的玄奘在《大唐西域记》中叙述于阗:“自兹已降,奕世相承,传国君临,不失其绪”。可知尉迟氏家族在长达千年的时间里,控制着于阗政权。古代居民属于塞羌混血。1006年,于阗国被喀喇汗国吞并,逐渐伊斯兰化。11世纪,人种和语言逐渐回鹘化。</P>
于阗地处塔里木盆地南沿,昆仑山北麓,位当天山南路、西域南道之要道,西经莎车、朅盘陀,可通往北印度或大夏。气候和畅,植物种类多且繁茂。东通渠勒、戎卢、扜弥、且末、精绝、楼兰,西通莎车、疏勒。盛时领地包括后世和田、皮山、墨玉、洛浦、策勒、于田、民丰等县市,都西城,北接塔克剌麻罕沙漠,是西域南道中最大的绿洲。。</P>
于阗国以农业、种植业为主,是西域诸国中最早获得中原养蚕技术的国家,故手工纺织发达,特产以玉石最有名,矿床主要分布在玉龙喀什河流域,自古即以出产美玉而驰名中外。于阗自2世纪末佛教传入后,逐渐成为大乘佛教的中心,魏晋至隋唐,于阗国一直是中原佛教的源泉之一。于阗人民喜爱音乐、戏剧,在绘画方面具有印度、伊朗的混合风格,画家尉迟乙僧于唐初至长安,绘有许多壁画,与唐人吴道子、阎立本齐名。</P>
公元前3世纪,尉迟氏在此建立于阗国,为西域南道中,国势最强的国家之一。于阗地处塔里木盆地南沿,东通且末、鄯善,西通莎车、疏勒,因位居丝路贸易的重要据点而繁荣一时,且为西方贸易商旅的集散地,东西文化之要冲。</P>
西汉时期西域都护建立后,归属汉朝,疆域包括今和田、洛浦、墨玉三县。张骞通西域时就知道了于阗这一名称。考古发现所证实,公元初这里
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