第二百四十五章 汉室世家最有战斗力
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世家大族之患,皇朝初期或许不显,毕竟新朝刚立,朝廷上下存在大量富余,有足够的利益空间安置这些世家大族,不过随着时间的推移,这些世家大族不断壮大,慢慢将朝廷上下的利益空间侵占一空,朝廷能够直接控制的力量越来越少,甚至连朝廷任命的官员,也全部是世家大族之人。
阶层严重固化,庸官横流,若然世家大族中代代都有明智之人还好,但是犹如那句俗语一样,“明君贤臣岂会长于深宫夫人之手”,如此阶层固化,代代安乐无忧,只会越来越多如“贾宝玉”一样的多情公子,要想诞生如诸葛老大、荀彧、司马懿这样的顶尖智者,可谓千难万难了。
如此一来,朝中有识之士日渐稀少,朝廷一旦有变,只能逐渐衰落,难有再兴之象,所以历朝历代的灭亡,世家大族的野蛮生长可谓有占了一半原因。
就算后世的隋唐朝代,新定了“科举取士”之策,后来的朝代也基本沿用此策,但充其量只是培育出文官集团,与世家大族分庭抗礼而已,在郡县一级,世家大族的影响依然是不可小觑。
相比于后世,汉代的世家大族其实还算是有出息的了,不过其实这也是有原因的,汉朝历来有武将行文事的传统,自“萧规曹随”的武将曹参任丞相后,先后有周勃及周亚夫两父子,都是武将出身被任命为丞相,可见汉朝之时,文武并没有太大分别,更没有后世普遍存在的“重文轻武”的现象。
而且汉朝,历来屡有重用外戚及宦官弄权的现象,这却是汉室皇帝有意为之的,这也算是汉室刘氏自汉高祖刘邦传下来的家学了,凡是历史上有点作为的汉朝皇帝,基本上个个都是玩平衡的高手。就算是被人诟病说是东汉灭亡的罪魁祸首—汉灵帝刘宏,自其利用宦官从太后窦妙与太后父亲窦武手上夺回大权后,虽然历经东羌叛乱、第二次党锢之祸、黄巾军之乱、凉州羌族叛乱。张氏兄弟联合乌桓叛乱等等强风暴雨,汉朝虽然风雨飘摇,但是在汉灵帝刘宏的操控下还是支撑了下来,并没有翻船,而且汉灵帝刘宏自始至终,大权都没有旁落,真的是权谋大家啊。
而汉宣帝刘询(刘病已)在教育当时为太子的刘奭(后来的)汉元帝的时候,说了这么一句话“汉家自有制度,本以霸王道杂之,奈何纯任德教,用周政乎!”,就充分说明了汉朝皇帝本质上都是一类人,什么有用就用什么,都是实利主义者。
故此,汉朝的世家大族,在武将、外戚、宦官的数重夹击下,凡是能跻身于朝堂高位的人,基本上都是人精,没有那么一点斤两,随时被人吃抹干净也是常事啊。
然而到了后来曹魏晚期和晋代,搞了那么一个“九品中正制”,世家大族永远都是世家大族,不论才能只论出身,啥都不是也能代代为官,如此一来,晋代的世家大族就开始急速腐化,除了留下了那句名言“安石不肯出,将如苍生何”的谢安谢安石,以及在淝水之战中击败了前秦苻坚大军,留下了成语“草木皆兵“、“风声鹤唳“的谢安的侄子谢玄等寥寥几人外,其余都是乏善可陈。
世家大族自此就与“腐朽”、“懦弱”、“无能”等词语联系在一起了,真真应验了孟子那句“生于忧患死于安乐”的名言。
但是如今按照诸葛老大的战略构想,汉室欲要复兴,重新平定中原,还是要大力依靠世家大族的了,而要如何尽量减少世家大族造成的危害,还真是要好好思索一番啊。
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