第八十一章 渐次推行

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看出朝廷在背后的昭然用心——那便是用议局来限制督抚们的权力,特别是当帝国宪政党党员构成议局主体时,这种限制与抗衡作用的迹象便愈发明显。
    在一个专制国家里推行地方行政分权的举动是出乎寻常的,甚至有悖于独裁目的之达成——过去朝廷若是要办什么事只消一纸命令抓住一个督抚就可,但现在却不得不面对人员更多、势力更为根深蒂固的议局。但如果放在中国这样一个中央中风已久,各地一盘散沙的国度里考察,这种架构反而有利于行政命令的推行——地方有督抚和议局两种势力互相争衡,一旦落于下风,必定会向朝廷请求援助,十分便于朝廷发挥离岸平衡手的妙用——中国人的政治智慧一点其实也不亚于欧美人,即便是宪政这样一个新兴课题,中国人也掌握的极好。
    按宪政编修馆的计划,原定在全国22个省中成立23一局,江苏省因有两个布政使分治宁、苏两故拟设两局。但以张为首的立宪派认为这种简单分割的方式伤害了江苏的统一,虽上海将来可能要单独设立行政区域,但目前毕竟是苏省治下,“不宜分设两局,有碍统一”,而新疆因为人民教育程度落后,识字率只有千分之一强,地方官请求暂缓办理,军机处和编修馆经过审议,也同意了,最后决定设21个议局。
    各省议局名额的确定同样颇具中国特色,不以人口为基数,而是参照各省取进学额及漕粮之数,以该省学额总数的百分之五来规定咨议同议员的名额,由于各省教育水准不一,差额十分明显。中原省份文风较盛,名额就多,偏远地区“文野杂处”,名额就少。比如四川人口多于直隶,更多于浙江,但其议局名额只有105,直隶为140,浙江为114。另外,江苏因为负担漕粮较其他省份为多,在正额之外又有增额,京师和各省驻防八旗则专门享有1~3名的旗籍议员,以+同立宪,以实际行动融化满汉域之努力。
    为示郑重,林广宇对宪政编修馆拟定的“合格选举人”条件进行了逐条审核:
    年龄资格:年满25岁以上之男子——准!
    任职资格满足其中一条即可:
    1、曾在本地办教育或其他公益事业满三年以上之有成效者;——准!
    2曾在本国或外国中学堂或同等以上学校毕业得有文凭者;——准!
    3有举贡生员以上出身者;——准!
    4曾任实缺职官文官七品、武官五品以上末被参革者;——按文武一视同仁,改为“实缺七品以上,休论文武;”
    5在本省地方有五千元以上营业资本或不动产者;——改为“年纳直接税100以上者”;
    6寄籍本省十年以上,并在寄居地有十万元以上的营业资本或不动产者;——改为“年纳直接税500以上者”。这份圣谕堪称一锤定音,注定要被载入史册!第三次机遇 第二卷 席卷大江南北 第八十一章 渐次推行
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