【3064】恰到好处

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    在神经外科处理的是脑子,这样通过鼻子蝶窦的手术路径方式形象地被叫做鼻蝶入路。
    鼻蝶入路肯定是属于微创手术了,和神经外科其它微创手术一样,利用的是一个通向颅脑内部的小开口。
    微创手术有微创手术的局限性,这点我们上次取寄生虫的手术案例已经讲过了。手术器械从小切口进去后从理论上来讲,会以这个开口形成个大致圆锥形的极限手术区域。超出极限区域部分,器械够不着也做不了手术。
    对鼻蝶入路手术来说,最佳手术区域的中央区域,是蝶窦进去的中央区域了,再次点名到我们一开始说的蝶鞍区。
    鼻蝶手术能处理的手术区域基本是围绕鞍区转了。除了鞍区,鞍区附近的部分鞍上区鞍旁区斜坡区等的病变,医生用鼻窥镜能看到的会尽可能地帮患者进行手术处理。
    从鼻子进去做手术,不用开颅,连打个孔都不用,不留伤疤,听起来肯定是比打孔微创更好的手术路径。病人肯定是最喜欢这样的手术的。
    不说病人,医生一样喜欢。
    喜欢的不是开孔不开孔的麻烦,而是如果不从鼻子走,医生若要给病人打开颅骨做手术,只能从头的顶部两侧部入手。这些手术入路不无例外,经历的路径较长,要穿过的脑组织多,而且绕不过眼睛这块重要区域。
    神经外科手术我们之前说过,最怕手术中不经意伤害到其它正常的脑组织和神经血管。能绕则绕,是最好的手术方法。因此神经外科手术的三维定位屡次被提到最重点上。
    这样看,鼻蝶手术病人想做医生想做,具体能不能做要看病人的病情也是病人的运气了。看看肿瘤能不能长到恰到好处在医生眼皮底下手术器械够得着。
    长在这地方最到恰到好处的肿瘤应是垂体腺瘤了,因为垂体位于蝶鞍区。鼻蝶手术最佳的适应症是规规矩矩长的垂体腺瘤。
    另一类比较恰到好处的肿瘤是颅咽管瘤了。颅咽管连接腺垂体和咽管后来退化消失的一个结构,所以说这里长出来的肿瘤大多是先天因素导致的良性肿瘤。与垂体有关了,自然是垂体能做的手术,它只要长在符合地方的位置内一样可以经鼻蝶入路来做。
    由于经鼻蝶入路的手术区域太有限,如果肿瘤刚好只长到超出这个手术区域一点,实在想继续用鼻蝶入路手术能怎么办,有没有比较灵活的方式可以解决。
    在外科手术中,通常遇到手术术野进去后发现刚好小一点的情况发生,我们在前面无数的病例中讲过,要拓展术野简单粗暴最有用的方式即是扩大切口。
    放在鼻蝶入路手术里头是同个道理,把蝶窦再拓宽,叫做扩大蝶窦切开术,切除蝶黏膜以及部分后筛窦。
    与病人交流交谈到这里,隔壁屋子里方泽人终于能听见他们佟医生发出声音了,与国协的人一个个竖起耳朵听。
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