《周易》哲学解读姊妹篇 《周易》问答四十一
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问:什么是先天与后天八卦？
答:这是属“易学”上的学说，即北宋时期对《易传》上的八卦说法进行“图式”(图例)来表示其排序、方位、五行属性等。无论先天八卦或是后天八卦都是以天、地、风、雷、水、火、山、泽(八卦?乾?坤?震?艮?离?坎?兑?巽的取象)为名称、符号、取象之说，只不过它们的排列顺序有所不同。
简单的说先天八卦被认为伏羲创的，而后天八卦认为是周文王在先天八卦的基础上演变而来的。这都是帝制时期“易学”学说。
先天八卦的排序实受“易学”上“河图”说法的影响，先天八卦的卦序是：一乾、二兑、三离、四震、五巽、六坎、七艮、八坤。而把八卦以其符号的错综两两相对为一组，分四组相对形成整体的八卦图。这是按照《易传·说卦传》的“天地定位，山泽通气，雷风相搏，水火不相射”说法，相互交错的按排方位。其方位是上乾（天）、下坤（地）、左离（火）、右坎（水）、左上兑（泽）、右下艮（山）、左下震（雷）、右上巽（风）。
我们常看到的景区或某些单位广场上镶嵌的“阴阳八卦图”，就是所谓的先天八卦排序方位图。
后天八卦被附会为周文王所作，因此也被称为“文王八卦”。后天八卦是受“易学”上的”洛书”影响，而后天八卦的排序是：坎一、坤二、震三、巽四、五为中宫，乾六、兑七、艮八、离九。风水术上皆用后天八卦之说。后天八卦的方位是老父(乾)在西北，老母(坤)在西南。长男(震)居东方，长女(巽)居东南。中男(坎)居北，中女(离)居南。少男(艮)居东北，少女(兑)居西方。
无论先天八卦，或是后天八卦，皆属帝制时期里“易学”上的学说，这些学说与原创《周易》一书无任何关联。
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