第十二章 整顿水师
顶点小说(dingdian666.com)更新快,无弹窗!
实现了,于是他们立刻和众位管带安排会操。
东海某处,开济号舰桥指挥舱,林建章指着周围的正在变换队形的各舰,将各种阵型说给张云飞听。
大致是这样的。原来1884年夏,天津水师学堂编译绘制出《船阵图说》一书,该书分为上、下两册,列有118种阵法,基本上汇集了近代海军作战的全部阵法。《船阵图说》不仅被当做当时海军学校的教科书,而且成为清末民初训练和作战中舰队和舰艇编队阵法的教范。
综观该书,全部阵法可概分为鱼贯阵、雁行阵和斜列阵三类。用现代海军术语来说,就是纵队、横队和梯队。舰队或舰艇编队在多数情况下是划分为小队的。小队是基本的战斗单位,编队或舰队用何种阵法,取决于小队取何种阵法。
鱼贯阵(纵队)鱼贯阵,分为单行鱼贯阵(单纵队)、双行鱼贯阵(二路纵队)、三行鱼贯阵(三路纵队)、四行鱼贯阵(四路纵队)等。单行鱼贯阵就是各小队和全队按着首舰的航向和航速鱼贯跟进,各舰之间直距保持400码,即约2链。多行鱼贯阵就是各小队各自成单行鱼贯阵,全队以旗舰或基准舰所在的小队为基准齐头并列,以同一的航向和航速前进。如以3舰编成小队,其各小队之间的横距保持1200码;如果各小队之舰不是依次并列,而是依次错列于邻队前后两舰的中间之一侧,则全队为夹缝鱼贯阵。如以6舰划分为各由3舰编成的两个小队,列作夹缝鱼贯阵,各小队之间斜距保持400码,小队内各舰之间直距保持533码。如果各小队取犄角阵法按序鱼贯跟进,则全队为犄角鱼贯阵。
雁行阵(横队)雁行阵,分为一字雁行阵(一列横队)、双叠雁行阵(二列横队)、三叠雁行阵(三列横队)、四叠雁行阵(四列横队)等。
一字雁行阵就是各小队和全队成单横队一线展开,全队以基准舰或旗舰为准,以同一的航向和航速齐头并进,各舰之间横距保持400码,多叠雁行阵就是各小队各自成一字雁行阵,基准小队居前,其余各小队依次重叠列于其后,以同一的航向和航速前进。如以3舰编成小队,其各小队之间的直距保持1200码。
如果各小队之舰与前列各小队之舰不是依次重叠,而是依次错列于前列小队相邻两舰的中间之后方跟进,则全队为夹缝雁行阵。如以6舰划分为各由3舰编成的两个小队,列作夹缝雁行阵,各小队之间斜距保持400码,小队内各舰之间横距保持533码。如果各小队取犄角阵法并列前进,则全队为犄角雁行阵。
斜列阵(梯次队形)斜列阵的情况比较复杂,它主要分为犄角阵、鹰扬左(右)翼阵、燕翦阵、麋角阵、鼎足阵、四维阵等。
犄角阵。这是一种由3舰编成的小队采用的阵法,它的具体排列是:1号舰(基准舰)居前;2号舰列于1号舰右后成45度,斜距保持400码;3号舰列于1号舰左后成78度,斜距保持700码,以同一的航向和航速前进。由3舰小队的若干小阵各自取犄角阵,又可分别列作全队的犄角鱼贯阵、犄角雁行阵、犄角鹰扬阵、犄角燕翦阵等,此时各小队之间的直距、横距、斜距均保持1200码,以同一的航向和航速前进。
鹰扬左(右)翼阵。即左(右)翼梯队。它的具体排列是:1号舰(基准舰)居前;其余各舰依次列于1号舰左(右)后方成45度,相邻两舰之间的斜距保持400码,以同一的航向和航速前进。
鹰扬双翼阵。即双梯队。具体排列是同时排出鹰扬左右双翼。
燕翦阵。即人字队形,实际上也是一种双梯队。它的具体排列是:1号舰(基准舰)居前,其余各舰分别依次列于1号舰的左后和右后,各成45度,相邻两舰之间的斜距保持400码,以同一的航向和航速前进。
麋角阵。即反人字队形,实际上是前双梯队。它的具体排列与燕翦阵相似,不同的是各舰之间相对位置的方向相反。
鼎足阵。即前三角队形,由3舰小队采用。它的具体排列是:1号舰(基准舰)居前,其余2舰分别于1号舰的左后和右后,各成45度,与基准舰之间的斜距保持400码,以同一的航向和航速前进。
四维阵。即棱形队形,由4舰小队采用。它的具体排列是:1号舰(基准舰)、2号舰、3号舰的位置关系与鼎足阵相同;4号舰列于2号舰左后45度线与3号舰右后45度线的相交点,与2号舰、3号舰的斜距保持400码,以同一的航向和航速前进。
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