6-7 八股
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门,况且不管是钱谦益还是袁崇焕都是进士出身,用膝盖想都知道他们一定会反对这种新的制度,刘子光不得不早作准备,要论辩才他可不是那些人的对手,所有只能在最终的决策者---皇帝身上做文章,幸亏今上是个头脑灵活喜欢科学地少年,并没有受过程朱理学的毒害,今天的一番话已经打动了他,再加上明天工部户部两位尚书的附和,这事的胜算当在四成以上
次日一早,天才蒙蒙亮,刘子光就穿戴好朝服,坐上绿呢大轿上朝去了,冬天的凌晨格外寒冷,八个轿夫嘴里哈出的白色蒸汽迅速消失在冰冷的空气中,寂寥的晨星下是下夜值的五城兵马司官兵在整齐的迈着步子,大街上空荡荡的,只有一架架绿呢大轿在向紫禁城方向快速的行进着,这都是赶着去上朝的官员们,刘子光是南厂提督,领侍卫内大臣,属于不用上朝的内臣,所以这是他第一次上朝,心里还是有些忐忑的,看到镇武伯的旗号,其他上朝的大臣都很有礼貌的避让,不和他抢风头,路上下值的士兵也恭恭敬敬的对他的骄子行礼,我还是有些威信的嘛,刘子光这样想,不足的自信心稍微提高了那么一点点,昨天晚上他把李岩叫到府里探讨了好几个时辰,总算对现行的八股取士的制度有了一定了解:
说起八股取士制度,落地秀才出身的李岩是满肚子的牢骚,这种变态的制度属于自从隋朝开始的科举制度的一种,但是加以了大幅度的改进,唐朝时候科举考试只考诗赋,选的人才不过是文学领域上的佼佼者,文学家和政治家显然不能划等号,所以宋朝时进行了科举改革废除诗赋,改考经义,策论.选拨治国明理的读书人,按理说这种制度已经算相对完善了,可是明朝统治者依然不满足,再次进行了改革,成化年间,科举考试之法又大大变更,用排偶文体阐发经义,称为“八股”,亦称“时文”、“制义”或“制艺”以后便承袭下来,格式愈益严格,文章越发空虚,所谓八股文,每篇由破题、承题、起讲、入手、起股、中股、后股、束股八部分组成破题,开首用二句设破题意承题,用三四句或五六句承接破题的意义加以说明起讲,用数句或十数作为议论的开始,只写题大意,宜虚不宜实入手一二句或三四句,为起讲后入手之处以下起股至束股才是正式议论中心这四股中,每股又都必须有两股排比对偶的语句,一般是一反一正,一虚一实,一浅一深,亦有联属者,共合八股,故名八股文八股文的试题出自四书,应试者必须按四书五经的代圣贤立言,依格式填写,因而具很大的局限性,弊病尤大然而大明取士,却以科举为重,而科举又以八股文为主,于是教育重心当然就完全放在如何教八股文与如何做八股文上了,严重束缚了学子的思想与才华
“卑职的几个同年都进了学,作了堂堂的举人老爷可是这帮书呆子除了四书五经和朱熹的点评背的熟之外,连秦皇汉武是哪朝的皇帝都不知道,真所谓迂腐不堪,毫无用处,问他们将来如何为官,居然说坐堂撒签打人即可,这样的官员简直就是祸害啊”李岩愤愤不平的说,他是河南没落地主家庭出身,自幼涉猎广泛,能文能武,饱读诗书,可是却屡屡落第,一顶秀才帽子戴了许多年也没当上举人,看着许多狗屁不通的书虫陆续中举,中进士,如何不让李岩怒火满腔屡试不中可能是他起兵造反的一个原因,看着时隔多年依然愤愤不平的五城兵马司指挥使,刘子光得出这样一个结论
八股制度,或许今天就是你的末日,刘子光心中暗想,外面传来随从的低语:“大人,午门到了”,
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