第198章 改革(第二更,求月票)
顶点小说(dingdian666.com)更新快,无弹窗!
是偶有贩卖私盐,但这也是盐商们的通病。
不过,郑侠如的这番话,却让朱明忠看到他的决心,至少在这一点上可以看出来,把盐务交给他,应该没有选错人!
“抄家……”
摇摇头,朱明忠看着郑侠如说道。
“本官不是恶吏,还不至于无罪而夺人家产!以后切勿再提此事!”
经略的话虽不见训斥之意,但还是让郑侠如心头一颤,连连点头,这会他可真是有些迷茫了。
“士介,你是盐运使,你告诉本官,现在盐课如何征缴?”
“回经略,当下我两淮盐场仍沿旧制,用官督商销制。大致分为两部分:场课和引课。场课的盐场课税。包括滩课、灶课、锅课和井课等。引课的各地盐商。引课包括正课、包课和杂课,正课是按盐引向运销商所征收的税;包课是有包销商交纳的盐税;杂课是盐税的附加。而此举源于开中法崩坏后,万历四十五年所实行的“纲法”,既将商人所领的盐引分为十纲,编立纲册,每年以一纲行积引,九纲行新引。就是说纲册中有姓名的人永远可以按照原来的数字派行纲引,纲册上没有姓名的人就不能加入到领引销盐的队伍当中。从此之后,盐商就是专得引岸的利益,由此才有了“专商制度”,两淮盐商也正兴于此……”
听着郑侠如解释“引岸制”制的时候,深知其中弊端的朱明忠,等到他说完后,便说道。
“那么士介你可曾想过,当下盐课流失,最根本的原因就是这以“专商制”为核心的“引岸制”!”
盐课流是因为引岸制?
郑侠如不解的看着经略,尽管他知道专商往往会“官贩私盐”,但却未曾想到“引岸制”是盐课流失的根源。
“还请经略明示。”
“嗯,这盐商“官贩私盐”是众所皆知的事情,想来士介对此也有所了解。”
笑看着郑侠如,朱明忠自然知道所谓的“盐商”,又有几人不贩私盐?偷税漏税是商人的天性。
“可这经引岸专商,恰恰才是盐课流失的根源,以崇祯朝为例虽屡加盐课,将盐课提至220万两,但却因为引商普遍积欠严重,以至于实际征缴不过百余万两,至十六年,引商实缴甚至不过只相当于课额的二成,引岸专商为一已之私败坏盐课如此,不正是引岸专商之弊?”
“经略,那时候引岸专商大抵都是晋商,他们与清虏所谓“皇商”互相勾结,其心可诛……”
见郑侠如直接把一切都推给了晋籍盐商,朱明忠冷笑道。
“当时晋籍盐商确实占天下五六,可陕籍盐商、江南籍盐商,又交了多少?引商制,最大的弊端是什么?不仅仅只是令盐利大半皆归专商,更重要的是专商得厚利之后,即会与官府勾结,贩卖私盐、偷税漏税,更时而借口积欠,如若崇祯朝每岁两百余万盐课可按额征收,又岂有后来穷因莫名,盐税越加越少的困境?”
整个崇祯朝盐课虽然不断加征,但实际征缴却是越加越少!这与所谓的“东林党”并没有多大关系,最根本的原因是当时把持盐务的晋籍盐商联合抵制,他们与引岸地方官员相互勾结,以种种借口拖欠盐税。而朝廷却拿他们根本没有任何办法,除非直接动刀子抄家。可偏偏有明一代,最忌讳的就是对百姓动刀,那怕就是流寇,朝廷也是视其为民。
“引岸专商令商人垄断引岸,如此,又岂是国家之福?”
冷笑一声,朱明忠盯着面色已经变得煞白的郑侠如说道。
“士介,你说,这岂是国家之福?”
“自、自然不是国家之福!”
郑侠如肯定的说道,但在说出这句话的时候,他又问道。
“可,可若是不行引商,那,那如何征收盐课?”
面对这样的问题,朱明忠只是笑了笑,即便是像郑侠如这样的盐商出身的盐运使,也没有看到,“引岸专商”崩坏盐课人为制造垄断的灾难性的后果,除非他们能够像满清一样,动辄举起手中的刀柄,用刀柄驯服的盐商,将盐商驯服成奴才,驯服成随时可以宰杀的肥羊,否则,这“引岸专商”必定会彻底毁掉盐课。
“简单!”
面对郑侠如的问题,朱明忠直接说道。
“就场征收、自由贩卖。”
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