第39章 裁与屯(第二更,求支持)
顶点小说(dingdian666.com)更新快,无弹窗!
,本身就是日夜服役,所以,无须再服其它徭役。”
相比于田赋,对于寻常百姓而言,最大的负担是徭役,徭役包括里甲正役和杂役。杂役是供地方官府役使的差役,由里按户等派遣。后因里长徇私作弊,徭役负担不均。弘治、正德年间,除亲自服役者外,一部分徭役折成银两缴纳,前者叫力差,后者叫银差。力差指应役户亲身充役﹐名目常见的有皂隶﹑狱卒﹑门子﹑马夫﹑驿馆夫等﹐多在近地承当,除优免对象有名役特权外,其它人一律当差,而银差行于弘治﹑正德年间﹐即应役户缴银代役﹐每名折收银若干,雇人充役。名目主要有岁贡﹑马匹﹑草料﹑工食﹑柴薪﹑膳夫折价等,多由下户承充,派在远地。力差与银差的编派原则是丁多则力差﹐粮多则银差。
所谓的日夜服役,不过只是朱明忠的一个借口罢了,刘灿当然不会捅破这一点,更何况,他想听大王想法。
“这东北的土地不下亿万亩,若是想变东北为郡县,为内地,非得移民不可,而想要移民进驻,就非得稳定地方,如此,势必大量驻军,若是驻军过多,势必又会令辽东为朝廷负担,所以,只有推行军屯,才能避免朝廷为辽东所累,而这种军屯,若是按旧法推行,他日军屯势必败坏,如此屯兵自然也就成了泡影。”
大王的话让刘灿深以为然的点头道。
“大王所言甚是,这军屯之法,实非长久之道。不知大王所言军屯,又是何军屯?”
现在刘灿整个人都变得极为好奇,既然大王知道军屯并非长久之道,为何又畅谈军屯?
“此军屯非彼军屯,孤以为,军屯败坏,归根结底,无非就是两点,一是土地兼并导致军户失田,而沦为佃农。二是军户世代分家,导致屯田崩坏,田宅日少,役者为役所累。所以,想要解决军屯的问题,就要从这两个方面着手。”
大王的话让刘灿自然想到现在于江北推行“功田”,似有所悟他立即急声说道。
“莫非大王是有意于东北推行功田制?”
功田制是江北最为特殊的则例,顾名思义,功田就是给因伤残退役的士兵以及以及阵亡士兵家眷的土地,按则“功田则例”功田优免,对此虽说有阻力,但最终还是为人接受,因为受功田的要么是因伤残废的兵士,要么是阵亡士兵家眷,如此或残或寡孤,自然不能服徭役。
刘灿自己都没有注意到,他的语气显得有些惊讶,显然,在他看来,他压根就没有想到,大王居然打算在东北推行“功田制”,功田制可不仅仅只是免服徭役那么简单,除免徭役之外同样还免除田赋。虽说不过只有区区百亩至多两百亩,可是按《优名则例》来说,却比秀才监生的80亩多出许多。
而现在,一听说要把“功田制”推行到东北,甚至放大到六十万兵士的身上,深知当初推行“功田制”曾经遭受阻力的刘灿,自然会如此的惊讶。
“没错,正是如此!”
面对刘灿的询问,朱明忠完全不加丝毫掩饰,直截了当的道出了他的打算。
“非但要推行“功田制”,而且还会以军功授田,嗯,基本就等于复秦汉时的“名田制”,有军功者根据其军功授田亩,房屋,当然,这田亩,房屋只在地广人稀的地区授予,比如像东北、西北这样的边地,至于关内,非是伤残兵士或者阵亡兵士,一率不授田于原籍!”
大王的话落入刘灿的耳中,让他的惊愕之余,更是朝着周围看去,直到看到那些护兵都站在数丈之外,他才放心的松下一口气,唯恐这番话传出去会惹出什么乱子来。
“大王,是想借推行“功田”稳定边地,以“功田”为饵,使兵士心甘情愿的愿意留守于边地?于边地屯田?”
深知一口气,深知大王性格刘灿继续试探道。
“想来,这边地的“功田制”必定不同于内地,若是如内地一般“功田不纳”,如此,无赋无役,这边地官厅、驻军又如何维持?”
尽管之前大王已经提到“免其徭”、“免其赋”,但刘灿还是想要弄清楚大王的做法。
“既是功田,自然是如内地一般,免其徭、免其赋!”
笑看着刘灿,朱明忠反问道。
“怎么,难道功田还有两种功田吗?”
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