第508章 为何不迁都?崇祯之用人【求追订】
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回过神来,朱元璋问:“你可知那崇祯为何最终没有迁都南京,舍弃北方?”
对朱元璋追问此事刘宽并不意外,他道:“微臣认为主要有三方面原因。”
“其一,也是最主要的原因,崇祯没想到顺军会那么快打到北京城下——李自成正月初一在西安称帝,二月初二才发兵出陕西,随后一路势如破竹,三月十七便打到了北京城下。”
“可以说,从崇祯皇帝到朝臣,都没有想到顺军来的如此快。至于为什么这么快,自是因为一路上除了屈指可数几部明军拼死阻敌,大多数明军都直接投降了顺军。”
“甚至就连派出去督师的内阁大学士、督军太监等,也降了顺军,还帮着李自成过来劝降崇祯。”
虽然刘宽没讲明详细过程,但朱元璋听了却只是微微皱眉,并不觉得意外。
一个王朝如果到了末世,确实很容易产生垮塌式的军事失败,军队成建制投降敌人也是有的——大明在北伐蒙元时,便有一些这样的例子。
为何历朝历代总喜欢歌颂那些为王朝尽忠守节的人?因为那样的人太少了,那样的品德也太难得了。
多数人哪怕世受皇恩,在改朝换代的大势明朗之际,也会选择投降新朝,比如说那个成国公朱纯臣。
刘宽继续道,“一个多月的时间,崇祯朝的君臣大部分时候都在考虑如何派兵抵挡顺军,而等顺军打到河北,他们实际已经错过了迁都的最佳时候。”
“然后便到了第二个原因,朝中有部份出身江南的大臣,出于自身利益考虑,反对崇祯前往南京,甚至反对崇祯派太子前往南京。”
“当然,他们不会说这么做有碍于自身利益,而是用大义来影响崇祯的决定。”
“譬如,大明当时有‘天子守国门’的说法,当年也先带领瓦剌大军攻打到北京城下,君臣们也差点迁都,结果于谦力主不迁都,决心死守,顶住了瓦剌的进攻,也等来了勤王之师,便让大明转危为安。”
“若崇祯都没抵抗顺军,就带着满朝文武抛弃北京,逃到南京去,谁敢说不是等于将北方拱手送给顺军?这个锅谁来背?”
听到这里,朱棣略有不解。
他问:“妹婿说部分江南出身的官员不愿崇祯迁都南京,这是为何?”
没等刘宽回答,朱元璋便道:“老四,亏你建立藩国数年,竟然还没领悟都城的真正作用?”
“咱为何要将都城定在金陵,并且将直隶范围划的如此之大,几乎囊括了江南精华之地?”
“因为都城在哪里,朝廷对哪里的掌控力便最强。与之相对的,朝廷对一个地方掌控力强了,当地地主、士绅就得老实很多,不仅不好欺压良善、违反律法,甚至各种税赋也得老老实实上交。”
“原历史上,你小子舍弃京师,迁都到北平,固然有防御草原诸胡、繁荣北方的考量,但也等于自行削弱了对江南的控制。”
“倘若都城仍在京师(南京),掌控着江南膏腴之地,朝廷财政再差也不会差到崇祯需要向朝臣借钱的地步!”
“哼哼,只是不知道那时迁都北平是你小子自己的主意,还是被哪几个出身江南的大臣给忽悠了。”
听了朱元璋这番话,朱棣先是恍然大悟,随即想到自己在原历史迁都北平可能是受人蛊惑的,他又不禁一阵羞愧。
但他却忍不住嘴硬道:“父皇,儿臣也未必就是受人蛊惑——说不定那时候迁都北平更有益处呢?”
朱元璋道:“怎么,你还想迁都北平?”
这句莫名其妙的话让朱棣愣了下,随即打了个激灵,忙跪了下来,喊道:“儿臣不敢!儿臣冤枉!”
朱元璋道,“行了,起来吧,你如今也是一国之君了,何至于被咱一句话就吓得跪下?刘宽,你继续讲。”
刘宽在旁看得清楚,朱元璋貌似随后一说,实际就想借机敲打一下朱棣——谁让目前海外诸蕃中朱棣离大明直辖地域最近呢?
不过这种事他是不可能掺和的。
闻言,他便接着道:“崇祯没能及时迁都的第三个原因其实跟第二个原因相关联,那就是后世总结的崇祯性格一大缺点——没有担当。”
“他之前在应对农民军及后金的战事上,就总喜欢甩锅给任事的大臣,推卸自身责任。”
“用人初时,他往往考察不深,便给予过分的信任;而一旦所委派差事之进展稍稍不如人意,他对该大臣的信任立马直线下降;若是该大臣最后功亏一篑,他甚至会不问青红皂白、不顾念该大臣丝毫的过往功绩,对其进行近乎报复式的惩罚。”
“这里面有几个典型的例子,如崇祯即位之初,袁崇焕为谋督师之位,向他承诺‘倘皇上假臣便宜,计五年而东夷可平,全辽可复’。”
“崇祯在对袁崇焕了解不足、对辽事了解亦不足的情况下就相信了,给予了袁崇焕很大权力。”
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